How Does Lung Cancer Spread?

According to the Center for Disease Control, as many as 107,416 men and 89,271 women are diagnosed with cancer of the lungs each year. Lung cancer is a particularly damaging disease that can quickly metastasize (spread) throughout the body, causing serious health issues, including, in many cases, death.

Lung cancer starts when the DNA of cells within the lung malfunction and mutate. This can occur through a variety of reasons, especially toxic exposure from chemicals in cigarettes or industrial chemicals. As the DNA mutates, the ability of the cell to regulate its own growth is compromised. This causes the cell to grow out of control into large masses called tumors.

Lung cancer tumors start in the lung but rarely do they stay there if left untreated. Small pieces of tumor commonly break off and spread to other areas of the body. The main mode of transportation for these tumor cells is the lymph system. The lymph system is a network of tunnels connected by lymph nodes that transport an immune system substance called lymph throughout the body. Cancer cells often break off and infect lymph nodes, which, in turn, can send infected cells through the lymph vessels to other areas of the body such as the heart, brain or liver. Once in these new areas, the cell branches out new blood vessels, attaching itself to the body's blood and nutrient supply. This allows the single cancer cell to rapidly grow into a tumor in the new area of the body.

Cancer cells can also break off from the primary tumor and be transported to other areas of the body though the bloodstream. Just like the lymph system, blood vessels provide a network of channels all over the body. This allows the cancer cell to migrate to other important organs and cause secondary tumors to develop.

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How to Train for Petroleum Engineering

Petroleum engineering jobs are expected to grow slower than average over the next several years, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. However, many petroleum engineers are expected to retire, so graduates of petroleum engineering programs should be able to find a job. If you want to be a petroleum engineer, concentrate on math and science courses in high school, then earn a bachelor's degree. Training for petroleum engineering is rigorous and you will be required to continually upgrade your skills through professional development classes throughout your career.

1. Take as many math and science classes as you can while in high school.

2. Attend an accredited college and earn a 4-year bachelor's degree. This is the minimum education required to work as a petroleum packaging. Some schools offer degrees in petroleum engineering. At other schools, you can major in geology, mining, civil engineering or geophysics and take classes in petroleum engineering.

3. Pass the first part of the engineering licensing exam, known as the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam, when you are close to earning your bachelor's degree. This is an 8-hour exam given in April and October of each year. The exam tests basic engineering knowledge learned during college. When you pass the exam, you will be known as an Intern Engineer.

4. Pass the second part of the engineering licensing exam, known as the Professional Engineering (PE) exam, after you have completed four years working in the field. This exam tests more specific knowledge. When you pass this exam, you will be known as a Professional Engineer and can use the letters "PE" after your name.

5. Earn your petroleum engineering certification. The Society of Petroleum Engineers offers this certification to its members who pass a competency exam and agree to complete 16 hours of continuing education each year. This exam may be waived if you have passed your Professional Engineering exam. You must also maintain your membership in The Society of Petroleum Engineers.

6. Take additional classes in petroleum engineering after you earn a bachelor's degree. You can do this through online training programs, through your employer or by attending workshops and conferences sponsored by the various organizations for professional petroleum engineers.

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How to Recover Files From a Crashed Hard Drive

Clicking sound coming from your disk, or unable to access your family photos, or music? Here are some steps to save time and money, and hopefully get your files off of a disk gone bad.

1. First the caveats: This article may recover files from bad hard drive that has crashed that are recoverable. If the drive is completely dead, IE no power, no spin-up, then your only hope is a data recovery specialist who will remove the platters in clean room. They will also remove much of your checking account for this service.

                      

2. To get started, we are going to have to open up the computer. My steps deal with a desktop PC, but you can do the same thing for a laptop.

With the power OFF, take the case off of your computer, or just the side panel, so you can get access to the guts of the computer, most importantly the hard drive(s). Once you can see the harddrives, power on the computer. We are looking and listening to see signs of life from the drive with problems. If it spins up, makes a humming sound, or you can feel it vibrating, we will probably be able to get some data off of it. If nothing happens, and it is just dead, see above.

3. If the drive in question had the OS for your PC, the easiest solution is a "live" linux cd. This is a cd that can be used to boot into a fully functioning linux operating system. From this live version of the linux OS, you can mount and browse the 'crashed' disk drive and copy files from it to another drive, a USB memory stick, or second CD/DVD drive.

Using a live linux cd can also help when your OS is simply not recognizing the problem drive anymore. Sometimes Windows will stop seeing a drive that is still there, but partially corrupted.

4. Remember, if you cannot burn the linux cd on your computer, because the drive is crashed, use a laptop, ask a neighbor or friend to burn it, or you can order them, but then you have to wait.

If you need to, take your drive to another computer, and connect it (while powered OFF) to an open drive connection inside that computer. Power it on and see if your drive is recognized there.

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How to design your own massage spa

As of 2010, accounted for massages and body for 78 percent of all revenues and spa services. With 143 million spa visits in the United States in 2009 , has been a popular destination for massage establishments , even during the economic downturn. During the preparation and design of the spa and massage your own can be daunting , and well-designed spa is the first step for a successful business .

1 . Before you can design your bathrooms must find the site . When looking for the perfect location for your spa , look at the neighborhood and its customers . Many resorts find new home in a strip mall , simply because the cost to rent space for less investment than buying the building. Contractor bring with you to look at potential areas to get an idea about the cost of renovations or building out specific for your spa . In your design too early to determine what type of body treatments will be offered in your bathrooms . Wet body treatments such as masks and body Exfoliations require a wet room and private health .

2 . Visit popular companies in the region to get a glimpse of the popular design themes . These companies should not be resorts , just any popular boutique , restaurant or shop . Understanding the spa and salons in your area is also important. Make sure you book services in these saloons even know who your competition is and how they do business . Understanding your competition will help you carve a niche in the market.

3 . Consideration of the services that we would like to offer and your prices for each. This will help you determine how much should be allocated to each service area . It will offer a great variety of services to attract customers who want to get more services in one place to do it. Can double rooms with mature escorts London and waxing rooms if they are designed well from the beginning.

4 . Meet with spa and salon equipment wholesaler. I will buy all of your equipment , such as massage tables , hydroculators, cabinets and tables hot and wet , and Vichy shower , and machinery and equipment facial wax , in one place allows you to negotiate the price down . And this sentence also looks more of your design to make sure that you have the right plumbing and electrical switches . Meet with the sales person before the start of construction equipment to help you avoid costly mistakes .

5 . Finally , put together a panel design wall colors , furniture and equipment and decorations to get an idea of ​​your overall theme . It is easier to adjust your design on the panel that will be the one time in the paint on the walls and installed equipment. This board design also serves as a guide when buying ornamental final and allow you to put together a coherent design spa.

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